Relatively few studies on thermal comfort for outdoor environments have been done compared to indoor environments, although the importance of the former is increasingly recognized with changing climate and increase of heat stress in cities. Since the 1950s, human thermal comfort under indoor conditions i. Methodology the impact of urban morphology on outdoor thermal comfort conditions are evaluated across different canyon. Ecotect, envimet, outdoor thermal comfort, physiological equivalent.
One of the buildings was shaded by trees, while the other was unshaded. The emphasis on field surveys from around the world, particularly across europe, enables us to understand. The phenomenon that people tended to stay in shaded areas during the cool season can be elucidated based on a study performed in taiwan. We further discuss a general framework for assessing outdoor thermal comfort based on behavioral aspects and the need for predicting tools in the design and planning of outdoor thermal comfort. Thermal comfort defined thermal comfort is a condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. Pdf thermal comfort and outdoor activity in japanese. The number of people using a space is counted in several times and the results showed that this number is definitely related to the temperature and the sunlight. Impact of urban morphology on microclimatic conditions and. A study of outdoor pedestrian thermal comfort in madinah, saudi arabia, has demonstrated that the thermal comfort index value of pet physiological equivalent. Pdf assessment of the outdoor thermal comfort in oases. Subjective thermal comfort and outdoor activity in a park and a square in a satellite city northeast of tokyo were investigated through structured interviews, observations, and comprehensive micrometeorological measurements. Pdf relatively few studies on thermal comfort for outdoor environments have been done compared to indoor environments, although the importance of the.
Icuc9 9th international conference on urban climate jointly with 12th symposium on the urban environment fig. Pierantozzi2 1school of architecture and design, camerino university, italy 2department of energetics, marche politechnic university, italy abstract microclimate conditions in urban open spaces are directly linked to the. Human thermal comfort and heat stress in an outdoor urban. A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi. The most commonly used indicator of thermal comfort is air temperature it is easy to use and most people can relate to it. The outdoor thermal comfort was assessed through micrometeorological measurements of air temperature, humidity, mean radiant temperature and wind speed together with a questionnaire survey consisting of 544 interviews conducted in five public places of the city during both the dry and rainy seasons. Designed primarily for temperature data heat waves identified from daily maximum and mean t. Thermal comfort is commonly maintained by mechanically distributing conditioned heated or cooled. Effect of urbanization and industrialization processes on.
Regulation of outdoor thermal comfort by trees in hong. The aim is to evaluate the effect of vegetation tree. Review of numerical modelling of outdoor thermal comfort leonardo marques monteiro1 1 department of technology, faculty of architecture and urbanism of university of sao paulo, sao paulo, brazil, leo. It is maintained when the heat generated by the human metabolism is allowed to dissipate at a rate. Thermal comfort definition a condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment american society of heating, refrigerating and airconditioning engineers, ashrae the absence of discomfort. The interest of outdoor environment has increased as the quality of life has improved and the quality of outdoor environment became one of the important factors in choosing house in korea. Radiant heat hot surfaces or radiant heat loss cold. Pdf outdoor thermal comfort of urban parka case study. Norjihan jamaludin faculty of architecture, planning and surveying, universiti teknologi mara, malaysia abstract.
An outdoor thermal comfort index out set part i the model and its assumptions. Investigating thermal comfort and user behaviors in. In this study thermal comfort conditions outdoors are examined through field surveys in biskra southeast of algiers, where. Pdf outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities. Physiological aspect of thermal comfort the basic concept of the physiological thermal comfort is the occurrence of heat balance. Since the 1980s, studies of thermal comfort in the outdoor environment have grown in number because of increased attention for pedestrians in urban canyons, plazas and squares. The results of this study are useful for native people and as a guide to tourists or visitors for understanding thermal comfort, planning out door recreational activities and developing the tourist industry. It should always be considered in relation to other environmental and personal factors. Thermal comfort relative humidity rh and air temperature thermal comfort is determined by the rooms temperature, humidity and air speed.
The recommended temperature range to optimise indoor thermal comfort for most people is 20. Introduction outdoor thermal comfort is a co mplex function of atmospheric conditions and physical, physiological, psychological, and behavioral factors. The methodology that is used to generate shadows originates from ratti and richens 1990 and is further developed and. Thermal comfort investigation of an outdoor airconditioned.
The outdoor thermal comfort evaluation in these outdoor spaces was a very necessary tool for designing and recommending better design solutions. The solweig plugin can be used to calculate spatial variations of mean radiant temperature t mrt and radiant fluxes using digital surface models dsm and ground cover information. Towards spatially resolved thermal comfort mapping in urban spaces tarek rakha1, pouya zhand1 and christoph reinhart2 1school of architecture, syracuse university, syracuse ny, usa 2department of architecture, massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge ma, usa abstract. The effect of urban design on outdoor thermal comfort was quantitatively analyzed in this study. Pdf an outdoor thermal comfort index outset part i.
Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort and its relation. Our study highlights the importance of active solar access management in hot urban areas to reduce thermal stress. Impact of shade on outdoor thermal comforta seasonal. Effect of thermal adaptation on seasonal outdoor thermal. These studies concerned the thermal comfort andor heat stress for worldwide regions other than arid regions. Thermal comfort in buildings designing buildings wiki. The availability of thermal adaptive opportunities in outdoor context is still in exploration. Part 1 aimed to gather information about indoor and outdoor thermal environments, based on. This includes physical measurement of the microclimatic conditions at the immediate surroundings of the subjects.
Microclimatic conditions are a critical parameter for the use of outdoor spaces in the urban environment. Behavioural perspectives of outdoor thermal comfort in. Proceedings of the 15th ibpsa conference san francisco, ca, usa, aug. This study assessed thermal conditions in and around two typical buildings on a university campus in akure, nigeria.
Abstract climates and microclimates of external areas in different latitudes suggest distinct thermal comfort indices, since these indicators are not only associated with the ambient characteristics, but also with those of the population. Thus, the oasis effect on the outdoor thermal comfort was insignificant during july and august 2018. Developing guidelines for thermal comfort and energy. Effect of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort in. Depending on outdoor conditions, the air may need to be heated. Outdoor thermal comfort parameters the outdoor thermal comfort evaluation is carried out following two methods in combination. Thermal comfort relative humidity rh and air temperature. The four main physical parameters those characterize thermal. Very few studies exist on the outdoor thermal environment and thermal comfort impact of a semi outdoor environmentunder a pilotiin a humid subtropical climate city. One might presume daily outdoor temperatures to be a more appropriate time scale for use in predicting adaptive thermal comfort temperatures than monthly. Pdf the effect of vegetation on indoor and outdoor.
Subjective data was collected using questionnaires both in a square and under a piloti during june and july 2011 in wuhan. To examine the effect of thermal adaptation on seasonal outdoor thermal comfort, the following three issues must be clari. Outdoor thermal comfort is a complex function of atmospheric conditions and physical, physiological, psychological, and behavioral factors 2. However, air temperature alone is not a valid or accurate indicator of thermal comfort or thermal stress. Relatively few studies on thermal comfort for outdoor environments have been done compared to indoor environments, although the importance of the former is increasingly recognized with changing. Nikolopoulou and steemers 2002 in their research indicate that thermal comfort and furthermore the microclimate is very important for the use of an outdoor space. It is a userfriendly tool that aims at reproducing the major pr ocesses in the atmosphere that affect the microclimate on a wellfounded physical basis i. The study of thermal comfort in nonpeak summer conditions in hot arid areas suggests a higher tolerance of the thermal conditions in outdoor spaces than in indoor spaces. An outdoor airconditioned area was designed and built to host sport and social events during summers 2014 and 2015 in qatar. The process of metabolism yields by products in the form of body heat. Outdoor thermal comfort in public space in warmhumid. Considering the importance of thermal comfort in decisionmaking in tourism, a transverse study involving micrometeorological measurements and questionnaires was performed at a popular coastal destination during the seasons of spring, autumn and winter. Hvac systems and indoor air quality 121 appendix b. Due to its subjectivity, thermal comfort is different for every individual.
Thermal comfort contents of this chapter, extensively deals with the thermal comfort problem formulation and its assessment along with the respective literature survey. Outdoor thermal comfort of people are affected by thermal environment, moreover, peoples usage of outdoors are affected by their perception of outdoor thermal. In this study, through field meteorological monitoring and a questionnaire survey, outdoor thermal comfort of different types of landscape space in urban parks in chengdu, china was studied in. There are many additional factors such as activity level, clothing, age, gender and health status that affect your comfort. Research studied thermal comfort using outset and pet indexes as the primarily designed instrument for outdoor use 2. The emphasis on field surveys from around the world.
Pdf thermal comfort in outdoor environment researchgate. Thermal comfort in outdoor environment semantic scholar. Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort and its relation to. Thermal comfort is defined as that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. The article focuses on perceptions of outdoor thermal comfort and the use of outdoor space in the context of urban planning. The results show that outdoor thermal comfort can be improved by means of appropriate urban design since street orientation, aspect ratio hw and vegetation were all found to affect human thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces.
If conducting outdoor activities you must comply with the monash off campus activities procedure and ensure a risk assessment is conducted for. Studies on outdoor thermal comfort have highlighted the need to. In the global context of climate received in revised form 25 july 2011 change, outdoor spaces that provide a pleasurable thermal comfort experience for. When people are dissatisfied with their thermal environment, not only is it a potential health hazard, it also impacts on their ability to function effectively, their satisfaction at work, the likelihood they will remain a customer, and so on. Outdoor thermal comfort within five different urban forms. The study shows that trees planted in high density settings are more effective in improving pedestrians thermal comfort than those in open spaces. Finally, the study discusses ways to improve outdoor spaces. Seasonal effects of urban street shading on longterm outdoor. Outdoor thermal comfort in a tropical coastal tourist. According to s reiter user comfort in the outdoor space have several positive effects such as improving the quality of living in an outside environment, valorization the image of the city, increasing. Fuzzy logic introduction and thermal comfort problem solving using fuzzy logic. Thermal comfort in buildings designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. A study on outdoor thermal comfort of apartment complex.
301 627 214 1337 719 1184 851 1269 147 331 417 900 28 87 1178 1419 527 1485 928 581 1055 422 1511 1178 1105 612 87 228 650 780 1156 1055 137 1296 84